Online Guide and Manuals

Brake system is hydraulically operated, utilizing a tandem master cylinder and a Teves power brake unit. Front disc brakes consist of rotors attached to wheel hubs, and single piston floating caliper assemblies attached to steering knuckles. The disc brake pads are equipped with wear indicators that create a pulsation in the brake pedal when the pads are worn. Rear brakes are leading trailing shoe/drum type, using a dual piston wheel cylinder. Parking brake cable actuated, operating secondary shoes of rear brake assemblies. Pressure regulator valves for rear wheels mount to power brake unit.

Front disc brakes are self-adjusting, therefore, no adjustment in service is required.

Raise and support rear of vehicle, release parking brake. Use a brake spoon, tighten rear star adjuster until wheel can no longer be turned by hand. Loosen star until wheels are just free to turn.

With rear brake shoes properly adjusted, pull parking brake handle to second notch. Tighten parking brake adjusting nut rear wheels can just be turned by hand, then tighten lock nut. Release handle and ensure both rear wheels rotate freely.

Operation Test - Place hand around pressure regulator. Depress brake pedal relatively hard. Release pedal; listen and feel for a slight "knock" in each regulator. This is the piston returning in regulator.

Pressure Test - 1) Use two pressure gauges that will record at least 1400 psi. Hook one gauge to left rear wheel cylinder. Attach other gauge to right front caliper cylinder. Bleed both hoses through bleeder gauges. Operate pedal vigorously several times.

2) Depress brake pedal until gauge on right front caliper reads 497 psi at the same time the gauge hooked to the left rear wheel cylinder should read 384 psi.

3) Continue depressing pedal and hold it in position when right front gauge reads 1400 psi, left rear wheel cylinder gauge should read between 768-862 psi. Repeat procedure to check other side. Replace any regulator that does not meet specifications outlined here.

Fill master cylinder reservoir with brake fluid and maintain level throughout bleeding operation. Attach a hose to bleeder screw, and immerse end in a container partially full of brake fluid. Open bleeder screw approximately one-half turn, depress brake pedal, close bleeder screw, and slowly return pedal. Continue operation until air bubbles are no longer seen discharged fluid. Bleeding sequence is right-rear, left-rear, right-front, left-front.

Removal - Raise and support front of vehicle and remove wheel and tire assembly. Pull spring locks out of retaining pins, drive retaining pins out toward outside of vehicle, and remove cross spring. Use a suitable tool (P 86), remove inboard brake pad. Pull mounting frame and brake cylinder outwards until outboard pad can be removed

Installation - Press piston to bottom of travel in cylinder and floating frame. NOTE - Level in master cylinder reservoir will rise. Siphon off sufficient fluid to prevent overflowing. Ensure machined portion of piston face makes a 20° angle to lower caliper wall. Install disc pads by reversing removal procedure.

Removal - With wheel and tire assembly and disc brake pads removed, disconnect hydraulic line from caliper. Remove bolts securing caliper to steering knuckle and remove caliper.

Installation - Reverse removal procedure and  bleed hydraulic system.

Removal - With wheel and tire assembly removed, remove caliper. NOTE - Do not disconnect hydraulic line unless necessary. Remove screw securing rotor to wheel hub and withdraw rotor.

Installation - Reverse removal procedure and bleed hydraulic system if necessary.

Removal - Pry off grease cap. Remove cotter pin, castle nut, hex nut, and washer. Pull off brake drum making sure that inner race of outer bearing is not lost.

Removal - With brake drum removed, disconnect lower spring by removing from primary shoe. Remove shoe vibration cups, springs, and pins. Remove primary shoe from backing plate, disconnect parking brake cable from lever, and remove secondary shoe and parking brake lever assembly.

Installation - Reverse removal procedure and not the following: Before installing secondary brake shoe, make sure that rear wheel cylinder piston is positioned so that web face outward and opening inward. Ajust brakes and bleed hydraulic system if necessary.

Removal - Depress brake pedal approximately 1.2" to close compensator bore in master cylinder, and hold in position using a suitable pedal support. Disconnect hydraulic line from cylinder and plug with rubber cap from bleeder screw. Remove bolts attaching wheel cylinder to backing plate. Remove cylinder by maneuvering out of backing plate

Installation - Reverse removal procedure and not the following: Make sure that rear piston is installed in wheel cylinder so that web faces outward and opening inward. Bleed hydraulic system.

Removal - Siphon brake fluid from master cylinder reservoir. Disconnect hydraulic lines at cylinder, remove nuts attaching master cylinder to power unit, and remove master cylinder.

Installation - Reverse removal procedure and not the following: Make sure "O" ring is installed between master cylinder and power unit. After installing master cylinder, bleed hydraulic system.

Disassembly - Remove disc pads and pry mounting frame and piston assembly off floating frame. Remove brake cylinder and guide spring from floating frame. Remove clamp and dust cap from brake cylinder, then withdraw piston. NOTE -If necessary, apply compressed are to fluid inlet. Remove seal from cylinder.

Cleaning & Inspection - Thoroughly clean all parts in alcohol. Check all parts for rust, corrosion, or other damage; replace parts as necessary. NOTE - Manufacturer recommends replacing rubber parts whenever caliper has been disassembled.

Reassembly - Apply a thin coat of ATE brake cylinder paste (or equivalent) to cylinder, piston and seal, and reassemble. Place guide spring in groove of brake cylinder, then drive cylinder on floating frame with a brass mandrel. Place mounting frame in guide spring, then slide it on floating frame.

Disassembly - Remove rubber dust caps, then withdraw front and rear piston and seal assemblies. Remove seals from pistons. Remove bleeder screw and dust cap.

Cleaning & Inspection - Thoroughly clean all components in alcohol. Inspect cylinder and pistons for rust, corrosion, or scoring; replace parts as necessary. NOTE - Manufacturer recommends replacing all rubber parts whenever cylinder has been disassembled.

Reassembly - Reverse disassembly procedure and note the following: Pistons are not interchangeable. Install notched piston in front of cylinder so that it will engage primary shoe when installed on backing plate.  

Disassembly - Remove "O" ring from master cylinder housing. Remove retaining ring and loosen piston stop screw, then remove both pistons from housing. Remove pressure valves and reservoir from master cylinder housing. Disassemble piston assemblies as necessary.

Cleaning & Inspection - Clean all parts in alcohol and check for rust, corrosion, or other damage; replace parts as necessary. Make sure compensating and filler holes are not plugged.

Reassembly - Reverse disassembly procedure and note the following: Make sure pressure and intermediate piston cups are installed correctly. See Fig. 4. Use new "O" ring on master cylinder between cylinder and power unit. 

NOTE - No information available for Overhaul of power brake unit.

Brake system is hydraulically actuated, using a tandem master cylinder and on models equipped with the 2000 cc engine, a power brake unit. All models are equipped with disc brakes on the front wheels and drum brakes on the rear wheels. Front disc brakes consist of a rotor and single piston, floating caliper assembly. Rear brakes are self-adjusting, leading-trailing shoe/drum type, actuated by a dual piston wheel cylinder. Parking brake is cable actuated, operating on the rear wheel brake assemblies. All models use a combination valve to control pressure on rear wheels.

Front disc brakes are self-adjusting, therefore, no adjustment in service is required.

Rear drum brakes are self-adjusting, therefore, no adjustment is necessary.

Adjust pedal height (distance front top of brake pedal to toe board) to specifications by moving pedal stopper (stop light switch). Pedal height should be as indicated. After pedal height is adjusted, loosen push rod lock nut and adjust free play as indicated.

                            Pedal Height & Free Play Adjustment

Application                         Pedal height                         Fee Play

                                            In. (mm)                             In. (mm)

Arrow

   Power Brakes.................  6.9-7.1..............................  .4-.6

                                          (175-180)                             (10-15)

   Without Power Brakes....  6.5-6.7..............................  .4-.6

                                          (165-170)                             (10-16)

Colt..................................... 6.4-6.6.............................. .4-.6

                                           (162-167)                            (10-15)

1) Release parking brake lever. Loosen cable attaching bolt and adjusting nut, and move cable lever to right. Adjust clearance of left to .04" (1.0 mm), then tighten attaching bolt. Clearance is measured between extension lever and stopper

2) With left cable adjusted, turn adjusting nut until same clearance obtained on right extension lever. With parking brake properly adjusted, lever stroke should be 4-6 notches (8-12 clicks)      

NOTE - Valve accomplishes three functions: Pressure control of rear service brakes; trouble warning; deactivating rear brake pressure control when front service brakes fail.

Pressure Test - Use two pressure gauges that will measure at least 1,500 psi. Hook one gauge to master cylinder rear side and one rear wheel cylinder. Pressure reading should be as shown in chart. Replace defective as required

                      Brake Hydraulic Pressure Chart

Wheel Cylinder.....................................  460±28.4 psi

Master Cylinder....................................  640 psi

Warning Light Test - Slightly loosen bleeder screw of one wheel cylinder and depress brake pedal. At this time warning light should come on. If light does'nt work, check switch and wire connector.

Combination Valve Reset - Tighten whichever bleeder screw has been opened (ie: drum wheel cylinder), then loosen the opposite system bleeder screw (ie: caliper wheel cylinder). Press brake pedal down until light goes out, close bleeder.

Attach a bleed tube to wheel cylinder bleeder screw and immerse opposite end of tube in a container partially filled with brake fluid. Depress and release pedal several times, hold in applied position, loosen bleeder screw, allow air to escape, and tighten bleeder screw. Continue operation until air bubbles are no longer seen in discharged fluid. Repeat procedure at remaining brake lines until all air is bled from system. Bleeding sequence is right-rear, left-rear, left-front, and right-front.

Removal - Raise and support  vehicle and remove front wheel. Remove pad protector by prying up edge of clip of center of protector. Hold center of "M" clip, detach "M" clip from pad and its ends from retaining pins, remove clip. Remove retaining pins from caliper and remove "K" spring. Remove pads from caliper by grasping backing plate are of pads with pliers.

Installation - Press piston to bottom of bore using a suitable tool, install disc pads and retaining pins. Install "K" spring and "M" clip, making sure positions are not reversed. See illustration. Install pad protector, making sure clips face outward.

Removal - With disc pads removed, disconnect hydraulic line and bolts attaching caliper assembly to steering knuckle, and remove caliper assembly.

Installation - Reverse removal procedure, tighten caliper mounting bolts evenly, and bleed hydraulic system.

Removal - With caliper assembly removed, remove hub dust cap, cotter pin, lock nut, and adjustment nut. Pull hub and rotor assembly from spindle, taking care not to drop outer wheel bearing. Remove bolts attaching rotor to hub, then separate.

Installation - Reverse removal procedure, tighten rotor-to-hub bolts evenly, and adjust wheel bearings. See Wheel Bearing Adjustment in WHEEL ALIGNMENT Section.

Removal - Raise and support vehicle and remove brake drum. Remove shoe hold-down springs. Disconnect  strut-to-shoe spring and upper shoe return spring end from trailing shoe. Remove trailing shoe and lower return spring. Hold adjusting latch downward, pull adjusting lever toward center of brake, and remove leading shoe assembly. remove upper shoe return spring and strut-to-shoe spring.

Installation - Reverse removal procedure and note the following: Apply brake greas to all shoe contact points of backing plate, adjuster assembly, and wheel cylinder. Adjust amount of engagement of adjusting lever with strut only after pulling lever fully toward center of brake. Note that adjusting lever and latch spring differ between right and left sides.

Removal - With rear drum and brake shoes removed, disconnect hydraulic line from wheel cylinder at rear of backing plate, remove bolts attaching cylinder and remove wheel cylinder.

Installation - Reverse removal procedure, tighten mounting bolts evenly, and bleed hydraulic system.

Removal - Disconnect hydraulic lines from master cylinder, then depress brake pedal slowly several times to discharge brake fluid. On models with power brakes, remove clevis bolt retaining master push rod to brake pedal, then on all models, remove cylinder attaching bolts and lift off master cylinder.

Installation - Reverse removal procedure, check and adjust pedal height and bleed hydraulic system.

NOTE - Before removal or overhaul test check valve. Pull of vacuum hose, place finger over check valve and crank engine; vacuum should be created.

Removal - With master cylinder removed, disconnect vacuum host from power brake unit. Remove pin connecting power unit operating rod to brake pedal, then loosen attaching nuts and remove power unit.

Installation - Reverse removal procedure and note the following: Apply a suitable sealer to power unit mounting surface and vacuum line connections. Adjust pedal height and bleed hydraulic system.

Disassembly - Remove caliper attaching bridge bolts and separate outer and inner halves. Remove retaining ring and dust seal, apply compressed air to fluid inlet, and remove piston. Remove piston seal taking care not to damage caliper bore or seal groove.

Cleaning & Inspection - Clean all metal parts in trichloroethylene, alcohol, or brake fluid; clean piston seal in brake fluid or alcohol; clean dust seal and other rubber parts in alcohol only. Inspect caliper bore and piston for wear, damage or rust; replace parts as necessary.

NOTE - Manufacturer recommends replacing piston seal and dust seal whenever piston has been removed.

Reassembly - Reverse disassembly procedure and not the following: Apply rubber grease to piston seal and brake fluid to piston when reassembling. If torque plate was removed from inner caliper half, clean torque plate was removed from inner caliper half, clean torque plate shaft and shaft bore in caliper, then apply special rubber grease to rubber bushing, wiper seal inner surface, and torque plate shaft before reassembly. Tighten bridge bolts of caliper halves evenly.

Disassembly - Remove dust boot, retaining ring, stop washer, and piston stop bolt, and withdraw primary piston assembly, secondary piston assembly, and secondary return spring from master cylinder. NOTE - Do not disassembly primary piston assembly. Remove check valve caps, tube seats, check valves, and check valve spring.

Inspection - Check master cylinder bore and piston for wear or other damage and replace as necessary. Check clearance between cylinder bore and piston; if clearance exceeds .006", replace parts are necessary. Check all parts of secondary piston assembly; if any parts are found defective, replace complete secondary piston assembly.

Reassembly - Reverse disassembly procedure and note the following: Apply rubber grease to all parts (except boots) before reassembly. When assembled, check that return part is not blocked by piston cup when piston is located at return position.

Disassembly - 1) Hold front shell flange (master cylinder end of power unit) in a vice and remove clevis and lock nut. Scribe alignment mark on front and rear shells for reassembly reference. Holding neck of rear shell on both sides with pipes, remove rear shell by turning it counterclockwise. NOTE - diaphragm spring can be removed at the same time. Remove diaphragm plate assembly from rear shell.

2) Using suitable driver, remove rear shell retainer and lift out bearing and valve body seal. Pull diaphragm from diaphragm plate assembly, then using a screwdriver, remove silencer and filter. Hold valve plunger, with key hole facing down and remove stop key by lightly pushing valve rod while shaking unit, then remove valve rod and plunger assembly. Remove reaction disc. NOTE - Valve rod plunger assembly can not be disassembled. Remove flange from shell, then pull off plate seal assembly.

Cleaning & Inspection - Thoroughly clean and dry each part. NOTE - Cups and plastic parts must be wiped off only. Inspect diaphragm plate for damage and cracks. NOTE - Diaphragm plate is made of plastic and should be handled carefully at all times. Check push rod for damage and straightness. Check font and rear shells for cracks, damage and deformation. Repair or replace any defective part.

Reassembly - 1) Apply a sufficient amount of silicone grease to the following parts (see illustration): Front shell seal and push rod sliding surfaces (A); push rod and seal contact surfaces (B); diaphragm lug-to-rear shell contacting surface (C); outside surface of reaction disc (D); reaction disc inserting part of diaphragm plate (E); rear shell seal and diaphragm plate sliding surfaces (F); interior of piston plate into which plunger assembly is inserted and seal sliding surfaces (G).

2) Install seal and bearing into rear shell, then press in retainer. Gently install valve rod and plunger, then install stop key witch chamfered end toward piston side. NOTE - After installing stop key, pull plunger assembly to ensure plunger is securely locked by stop key. Install reaction disc and diaphragm in diaphragm plate assembly, then install silencer filter and silencer into rear of diaphragm plate and press in retainer.

3) Install diaphragm plate assembly into rear shell, then install valve body guard (rear end first) into end of seal retainer. Install rear shell into front shell, then install push rod and master cylinder piston (see illustration); clearance should be .30" (7.6 mm) or less. If clearance is not to specifications, correct by adjusting push rod length. Install yoke onto threaded end of power unit operating rod.

Rear axle assembly uses a hypoid type ring gear and pinion gear set. Semi-floating axle shafts are retained in housing by tapered roller bearings and a bearing retainer at housing outer ends. Bearing clearance is not adjustable and is determined by bearing design. Differential adjustment is accomplished by the use of shims.

A plate attached on left side of axle housing gives axle ratio part number, and serial number.

1) With vehicle raised and wheels removed, disconnect brake line from caliper. Remove disc and caliper. Loosen bolts for thrust washer through holes in axle flange. Pull out shaft using suitable puller. Remove inner sealing ring using a puller or by prying it out with a screwdriver.

2) Press bearing and lock ring off axle shaft using suitable tools. Remove oil seal. Fill space between new seal lips with grease, then install seal on axle shaft. Install bearing and new lock ring by pressing on axle shaft. Always use a new lock ring and insure that bearing is installed with taper away from axle shaft flange.

3) Use a suitable seal installing tool and install inner seal ring. Fill bearing with good quality grease. Also fill space between seals and between seal lips with grease. Install axle shaft and tighten thrust washer bolts. Install brake disc and caliper, reconnect brake line, bleed and adjust brakes. Install road wheels and lower vehicle

1) Disconnect rear section of propeller shaft from pinion flange. Check for looseness of pinion in its bearing. If it is loose, this must be remedied before a new oil seal is installed. Remove nut from flange using suitable flange using suitable flange holding tool. Pull off flange using suitable puller. Pull out old oil seal.

2) Coat seal lip of new ring with grease. Also lubricate the spring coil so it does not jump off during installation. Install oil seal using suitable seal installing tool. Press on flange using suitable pressing tool. Install flange washer and nut and tighten. Reconnect propeller shaft.

1) With rear of vehicle raised and supported and wheels removed, support rear axle with suitable jack and holding fixture. Remove upper attaching bolts for shock absorber and parking brake cables from levers and brackets on brake backing plate. Remove propeller shaft from pinion flange and remove pipe union from rear axle housing.

2) Disconnect Panhard rod from bracket on rear axle housing and remove lower attaching bolts for spring. Lower jack until trailing arms release from spring. Loosen bolts holding rear axle housing to trailing arms. Lower jack and pull rear axle assembly forward.

3) To install, move axle under vehicle and install bolts for support arms and torque rod. Raise jack until Panhard rod can be installed. Install attaching bolts for spring and tighten nuts for support rods and trailing arms. Install bracket, union, and brake hoses. Reconnect propeller shaft to pinion flange. Install upper bolt for shock absorbers and reconnect parking brake cable. Adjust parking brake and bleed brakes. Install wheels and lower vehicle

1) Place axle assembly in suitable holding fixture with pinion flange pointing downward. Remove brake lines and axle shafts. Remove inspection cover. If final drive is being reconditioned because of noise, run a tooth contact pattern check before disassembly as this may assist in locating fault.

2) Check alignment marking on bearing caps and carrier. If there are no marking, or if they are difficult to see, mark one side with a punch. Remove cap. Using a suitable case stretching tool, lift out carrier with ring gear. Turn final drive over and drain oil. Remove pinion flange and press out pinion. Remove pinion front bearing washer and oil seal with a suitable driver.

3) If necessary, drive out rear pinion bearing from case using a suitable drift. Clean axle case gasket surface and remove any burrs present. If necessary, pull of rear bearing from pinion using a suitable puller. Pull off differential carrier bearing with suuitable puller and retain shims. Remove lock plate for ring gear bolts, remove bolts and ring gear. Drive out lock pin securing differential gear and remove shaft, gears and thrust washers.

Inspect all parts for wear or damage. Also install differential gear into carrier together with shaft and thrust washers. Use no lubricant. Now, check play of differential side gears. If play exceeds specifications when gears have been rotated to maximum play, replace thrust washers with thicker ones.

Case Assembly - Place differential side gears together with thrust washers in differential carrier. "Roll" in both side pinions simultaneously with dished thrust washers, then drive in shaft. Install ring gear, making sure that contact surfaces are clean and without any burrs. Install new ring gear bolts and tighten.

Drive Pinion Depth & Bearing Preload - 1) Clean marking surface on drive pinion. Install adjusting ring tool (2685) and (2841) on pinion and place this assembly into housing. Place pinion on carrier so bolt on adjusting ring faces large side of carrier.

2) The pinion should have a certain nominal measurement to the center line of the ring gear. Due to manufacturing tolerances, there are deviations from this nominal measurement.  On rear axles made by Volvo, the deviation is always positive and is indicated hundredths of a millimeter. The plus sign is excluded.

3) Place pinion gauge (2393) on ground surface of pinion and adjusting jig (2393) in differential bearing positions. Place dial indicator retainer (2284) with dial indicator on gasket face of axle housing with dial indicator foot touching adjusting ring. Zero dial indicator. Now move indicator over until it touches pinion gauge. If the pinion is, for example, marked 33, the pinion gauge should lie .013" (.33 mm) under adjusting fixture. The setting is adjusted by turning cam on pinion until dial indicator shows correct value, then lock adjusting ring with set screw.

4) Remove measuring tool and pinion. Place complete rear pinion bearing with outer ring in measuring fixture (tool 2600). Put on plate, spring and nut with flat side of nut facing up. Rotate plate and bearing several times so that rollers take up correct set. Place adjusting ring in retainer (tool 2284) and dial indicator opposite adjusting ring, zero indicator. Set pointer of indicator to outer ring of bearing. The indicator will now show directly the thickness the shims should have. Measure shims for correct thickness with micrometer. Since it is unlikely to find a shim  with the exact thickness required, shim may be .0012" (.03 mm) thicker or .002" (.05 mm) thinner than measured value.

5) Press rear bearing on pinion with suitable sleeve. The washer under rear bearing inner ring must NOT be installed when overhauling. Place measured shims in axle housing and press in both outer rings of bearings using suitable tool. Insert pinion in housing and install three .03" (.75 mm) thick shims and front pinion bearing. Pull pinion into housing using suitable tool. Install washer and nut on pinion shaft and tighten to specifications.

6) Install pinion gauge and dial indicator retainer. Pull down pinion while rotating it backwards and forwards. Set dial indicator to zero. Press pinion upwards while rotating it forwards and backwards. Dial indicator will read clearance.Remove pinion and remove shims corresponding to the measured clearance plus .003" (.07 mm). Reinstall pinion. Now use torque gauge to check pinion bearing torque. Adjust shim thickness if required to obtain specified torque. Recheck pinion depth using measuring tools as described in step 3.

Backlash & Side Bearing Preload - 1) Lubricate inside of adjustment rings (tool 2595) and install then on differential carrier. Ring with block oxidized adjustment ring should be placed on ring gear side. Also lubricate bearing bores in carrier. Install carrier and adjustment rings in axle housing.

2) Use dial indicator and adjust ring so that specified backlash is obtained. Backlash may vary within backlash range but get as closer to specified backlash as possible.

NOTE - Due to altered manufacturing and test procedures, it is no longer possible to determine correct installation of gears by means of a contact pattern test. The pinion gear should always be installed in its marked position regardless of the contact pattern.

3) If the gear set is correctly installed, but still causes noise, try re-positioning the pinion gear .002 (.05 mm) plus or minus (try plus first). This may help if the pinion gear has been incorrectly marked.

4) After correct backlash is obtained, remove carrier and adjustment ring. Place adjusting ring and bearing into measurement fixture with flat side of nut facing downwards. Rotate plate several times. Install dial indicator and retainer tool (tool 2284) and zero indicator on adjusting ring. Place measuring point of indicator facing bearing and read off indicator.

5) Use a micrometer to form a shim pack equal in thickness to clearance indicated by dial indicator plus .003" (.07 mm). Place shims together with measured bearing to one side. Repeat this procedure with the other bearing. Install shims on differential carrier, making sure which side respective bearing and shims are installed on, and press on bearings using suitable drift. When installing second bearing, use suitable support so as not to damage first bearing.

NOTE - Do not forget to lock cover for ring gear bolt.

6) Install tool (2394) on pinion carrier and expand tool until pins are flush against hole edges in carrier, then tighten screws an additional 3 1/2 turns. Install differential carrier and outer rings. Install bearings caps and tighten bolts to specification.

7) Install pinion oil seal and flange, and inspection cover and gasket. If inner oil seals for axle shafts were removed, drive them in with suitable tool. Reinstall axle shafts and adjust end play if necessary. install brake discs, caliper and brake pipes. Bleed and adjust brakes.

Models Covered:

DESCRIPTION

All rear axles are hypoid design with centerline of pinion set below centerline of ring gear. Semi-floating axle shafts are retained in housing by ball bearings and a bearing retainer at axle housing by ball bearings and a bearing retainer at axle housing outer ends. On 1968-69 120, 140 and 1800 series models, bearing clearance is not adjustable. On all other models, bearing clearance is not adjustable and is determined by the construction of the bearing. All adjustments are performed using shims.

AXLE RATIO & IDENTIFICATION

1968-70 Models - A plate on lower part of inspection cover shows number of teeth and axle ratio of final drive.

1971-74 - A plate on left side of rear axle housing gives axle ratio, part number and serial number of final drive.

REMOVAL & INSTALLATION

AXLE SHAFTS AND BEARINGS

1968 120 Series - 1) With vehicle raised and rear wheels removed, pull off wheel hub. Place wood block under brake pedal and remove brake line from backing plate. Use suitable puller to remove brake backing plate. Pull out axle shaft using suitable puller . Pull out oil seal and press bearing off axle shaft.

2) Press new bearing onto axle shaft and install new oil seal using suitable driver. Make sure is correctly located. Install axle shaft, shims and brake backing plate with a new felt washer. Check axle shaft end play. If not to specifications, reshim to obtain specified end play. Replace draw key if removed and install hub and wheel. Reconnect brake line, bleed and adjust brakes.

1968-69 140 & 1800 Series - 1) With vehicle raised and rear wheels removed, disconnect brake pipe from brake unit. Remove brake caliper and disc, then remove return spring for brake shoes and remove shoes. Disconnect handbrake cable from bracket and lever. Remove lever and cable. Loosen bolts for brake backing plate and brake shoe retainer. These are loosened through holes in drive shaft flange. Turn brake backing plate backwards so that handbrake bracket goes free from flange on casing. Pull out axle shaft using a suitable puller.

2) Secure axle shaft in a vise so that recess in brake backing plate is facing rear jaw of vise. Drill a 1/4" (6 mm) hole in lock ring taking care not to drill through ring into shaft. Split the ring with a chisel taking care not to damage the bearing. Loosen shaft from vise and remove ring. Using a suitable puller, remove bearing from axle. Drive out oil seal using a suitable seal driver. Clean and check all parts, especially make sure no cuttings from drilling remain as these could damage bearing.

3) Drive new oil seal in brake shoe retainer with suitable drive. Press bearing and locking ring onto axle shaft using press and suitable support tools. Pull out inner oil seal from axle housing using a suitable puller. Drive in new inner seal ring with a suitable drift. Pack bearing well with grease and then install axle shaft, brake backing plate and brake shoe retainers. Fill entire space between seals with grease. Check that axle end play is to specifications by first pressing out outer rings from bearings with help of impact hammer. Adjust if necessary by means of adjusting nut at left side. Lock adjusting nut with suitable tab.

4) Install handbrake lever, brake shoes, spring, adjusting device, and cable. Install brake disc and caliper. Bleed out adjust brakes. Install road wheels and lower vehicle.

All Other Models - 1) With vehicle raised and wheels removed, disconnect brake line from caliper. Loosen bolts for brake disc and caliper, remove disc and caliper. Loosen bolts for thrust washer through holes in axle flange. Pull out axle shaft using a suitable puller. Pull out inner sealing ring with a puller or by prying out with screwdriver.

2) Press bearing and lock ring off axle shaft using suitable tools. Remove oil seal. Fill space between new seal lips with grease, then install seal on axle shaft. Install bearing and new lock ring and insure that bearing is installed with taper away from axle flange.

3) Use a suitable seal installing tool and install inner seal ring. Fill bearing with good quality grease. Also fill space between seals and between seal lips with grease. Install axle shaft and tighten thrust washer bolts. Install brake disc and caliper, reconnect brake line, bleed and adjust brakes. Install road wheels and lower vehicle.

PINION FLANGE AND SEAL

1) Disconnect rear section of propeller shaft from pinion flange. Check for looseness of pinion in its bearing. If it is loose, this must be remedied before a new oil seal is installed. Remove nut from flange using suitable flange holding tool. Pull off flange using suitable puller. Pull out old oil seal.

2) Coat seal lips of new ring with grease. Also lubricate the spring coil so it does not jump off during installation. Install oil seal using suitable seal installing tool. Press on flange using suitable pressing tool. Install flange washer and nut and tighten. Reconnect propeller shaft.

AXLE ASSEMBLY

1) With rear of vehicle raise and supported and wheel removed, support rear axle with suitable jack and holding fixture. Remove upper attaching bolts for shock absorber and parking brake cables from levers and brakets on brake backing plate. Remove propeller shaft from pinion flange and remove brake pipe union from rear axle housing.

2) Loosen front attaching bolts for trailing arms approximately one turn. Remove rear bolts for support rods. Disconnect Panhard rod from bracket on rear axle housing and remove lower attaching bolts for spring. Lower jack until trailing arms release from spring. Loosen bolts holding until trailing arms release from spring. Loosen bolts holding rear axle housing to trailing arms. Lower jack and pull rear axle forward.

3) To install, move axle under vehicle and install bolts for support arms and torque rod. Raise jack until Panhard rod can be installed. Install attaching bolts for spring and tighten nuts for support rods and trailing arms. Install bracket, union and brake hoses. Reconnect propeller shaft to pinion flange. Install upper bolt for shock absorbers and reconnect parking brake cable. Adjust parking brake and bleed brakes. Install wheels and lower vehicle.

OVERHAUL

DISASSEMBLY

1) Place axle assembly in suitable holding fixture with pinion flange pointing downward. Remove brake lines and axle shafts. Remove inspection cover. If final drive is being reconditioned because of noise, run a tooth contact pattern check before disassembly as this may assist in locating fault.

2) Check alignment markings on bearing caps and carrier. If there are no markings, or if they are difficult to see, mark one side with a punch. Remove cap. Using a suitable case stretching tool, lift out carrier with ring gear. Turn final drive over and drain oil. Remove pinion flange and press out pinion. Remove pinion fornt bearing, washer and oil seal with a suitable driver.

3) If necessary, drive out rear pinion bearing from case using a suitable drift. Clean axle case gasket surface and remove any burrs present. If necessary, pull off rear bearing from pinion using a suitable puller. Pull off differential carrier bearing with suitable puller and retain shims. Remove lock plate for ring gear bolts, remove bolts and ring gear. Drive out lock pin securing differential gear shafts and remove shaft, gears and thrust washers.

INSPECTION

Inspect all parts for wear or damage. Also install differential gear into carrier together with shaft and thrust washers. Use no lubricant. Now, check play of differential side gears. If play exceeds specifications when gears have been rotated to maximum play, replace thrust washers with thicker ones.

REASSEMBLY & ADJUSTMENT

Case Assembly - Place differential side gears together with thrust washers in differential carrier. "Roll" in both side pinions simultaneously with dished thrust washers, then drive in shaft. Install ring gear, making sure that contact surfaces are clean and without any burrs. Install new ring gear bolts and tighten.

Drive Pinion Depth & Bearing Preload - 1) Clean marking surface on pinion with very fine emery cloth. Install adjusting ring (tool 2685 on 140 & 1800 series or 2840 on 164 models) and tool (2841) on pinion and place in axle housing. Secure adjusting ring by screwing out lock screw on 164 models.

2) The pinion should have a certain nominal measurement to the center line of the ring gear. Due to manufacturing tolerances, there are deviations from this nominal measurement. On rear axle made by Volvo, the deviation is always positive and is indicated in hundredths of a millimeter. The plus sign is excluded. On other rear axles, the deviation is indicated in thousandths of an inch and with a plus or minus sign. If a plus sign is indicated, the nominal measurement is to be increased and vise versa.

3) Place pinion gauge (2393) on ground surface of pinion and adjustin jig (2393) in differential bearing positions. Place dial indicator retainer (2284) with dial indicator on gasket face of axle housing with dial indicator touching adjusting ring. Zero dial indicator. Now move indicator over until it touches pinion gauge. If the pinion is, for example, marked 33, the pinion gauge should lie .33 mm (.013") under adjusting fixture. NOTE - If the axle is not made by Volvo and pinion figure is marked minus, then pinion gauge should be higher than adjusting fixture. The setting adjusted by turning cam on pinion until dial indicator shows correct value, then lock adjusting ring with set screw.

4) Remove measuring tool and pinion. Place complete rear pinion bearing with outer ring in measuring fixture (tool (2600). Put on plate, spring and nut with flat side of nut facing up. Rotate plate and bearing several times so that rollers take up correct set. Place adjusting ring in retainer (tool 2284) and dial indicator opposite adjusting ring, zero indicator. Set pointer of indicator to outer ring of bearing. The indicator will now  show directly the thickness the shims should have. Measure shims for correct thickness with micrometer. Since it is unlikely to find a shim with the exact thickness required, shim may be .0012" (.03 mm) thicker or .002" (.05 mm) thinner than measured value.

5) Press rear bearing on pinion with suitable sleeve. The washer under rear bearing inner ring on a Volvo rear axle must NOT be installed when overhauling. Place measured shims in axle housing and press in both outer rings of bearings using suitable tool. Insert pinion in housing and install three .03" (.75 mm) thick shims and front pinion bearing. Pull pinion into housing using suitable tools. Install washer and nut on pinion shaft and tighten to 200-220 ft. lbs. (28-30 mkg).

6) Install pinion gauge and dial indicator retainer. Pull down pinion while rotating it backwards and forwards. Set dial indicator to zero. Press pinion upwards while rotating it forwards and backwards. Dial indicator will read clearance. Remove pinion and remove shims corresponding to the measured clearance plus .003" (.07 mm). Reinstall pinion. Now use torque gauge to check pinion bearing torque. Adjust shim thickness if required to obtain specified torque. Recheck pinion depth using measuring tools as described in step 3.

Backlash & Side Bearing Preload - 1) Lubricate inside adjustment rings (tool 2595) and install them on differential carrier. Ring with black oxidized adjustment ring should be placed on ring gear side. Aslo lubricate bearing bores in carrier. Install carrier and adjustment rings in axle housing.

2) Use dial indicator and adjust rings so that specified backlash is obtained. Backlash may vary within backlash range but get as close to specified backlash as possible. Perform a contact patter test on unit. Adjust pinion depth as necessary to obtain correct pattern. Remove carrier and adjusting ring. Place adjusting ring and bearing into measurement fixture with flat side of nut facing downwards. Rotate plate several times. Install dial indicator and retainer (tool 2284) and zero indicator on adjusting ring. Place measuring point of indicator facing bearing and read off indicator.

3) Use a micrometer to form a shim pack equal in thickness to clearance indicated by dial indicator plus .003" (.07 mm). Place shims together with measured bearing to one side. Repeat this procedure with the other bearing. Install shims on differential carrier, making sure which side respective bearing and shims are installed on, and press on bearings using suitable drift. When installing second bearing, use suitable support so as not to damage first bearing.

4) Install tool (2394) on pinion carrier and expand tool until pins are flush against hole edges in carrier, then tighten screws an additional 3-3 1/2 turns. Install pinion oil seal and flange, and inspection cover and gasket. If inner oil seals for axle shafts were removed, drive then in with suitable tool. Reinstall axle shafts and adjust end play if necessary. Install brake discs, caliper and brake pipes. Bleed and adjust brakes.